San Marino

Landlocked San Marino is the world's second smallest republic. Surrounded by Italy, it is an echo from an era when small city-states proliferated across Europe.

Mount Titano, part of the Appennine range, dominates San Marino's landscape. Three defensive fortresses perch on Titano's slopes, looking out to the Adriatic coast.

Tourism dominates the economy of the 61 square kilometre (23.6 square miles) country, which plays host to more than three million visitors every year.

Postage stamps and coins - keenly sought by collectors - are important sources of revenue. As one of Europe's tax havens, San Marino attracts a large inflow of cash from non - residents.

Tradition has it that San Marino was founded in the fourth century AD by a devout Christian stonemason called Marinus, who took refuge there and set up a small community. Its rugged isolation helped the enclave to develop and keep its independence.

San Marino is said to be the world's oldest surviving republic. An 1862 friendship and cooperation treaty with Italy, which has since been revised and expanded, reinforced San Marino's independence.

-BBC News